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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization

Unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., acrolein, crotonaldehyde) readily polymerize if exposed to bases (Kohlpaintner, C., M. Schulte, J. Falbe, P. Lappe, and J. Weber. 2002. Aldehydes, Aliphatic and Araliphatic. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

Base-catalyzed polymerization of acrolein is explosively violent (Arntz, D., M. Hopp, S. Jacobi, J. Sauer, T. Ohara, T. Sato, N. Shimizu, G. Prescher, H. Schwind, and O. Weiberg. 2002. Acrolein. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)), and may occur after an induction period (MCA Safety Datasheet 85, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington, 1961).

Dilute solutions of formaldehyde react with base to produce flammable H2 gas (Ashby, E.C. et al. 1993. Journal of the American Chemical Society 115:1171.).

Acetaldehyde reacts violently with bases (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 5.).

Dilute solutions of formaldehyde react with bases to produce flammable H2 gas (Ashby, E.C. et al. 1993. Journal of the American Chemical Society 115:1171.).

The mixture of formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide yields formic acid and flammable H2 gas (Pohanish, R. P. and Greene S. A. Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities, 2nd Ed. New York: Wiley - Interscience, 2003. pp. 575).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen (H2)