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Ethers mixed with
Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Diethyl ether evolves a gas with nitrosyl perchlorate, then explodes (Hoffman, K.A. et al. 1909. Berichte. 42:2031).

Diethyl ether explodes on contact with fluorine nitrate (Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, Brauer, G., (Translation Ed. Riley, R.F.), London, Academic Press, Vol. 1, 1963. pp. 189).

Diethyl ether explodes on contact with sodium peroxide (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 328).

Diethyl ether explodes on contact with trithioazyl perchlorate (Ergebnisse und Probleme der Chemie der Schwefelstickstoff-verbindung, Scientia Chemica, Vol. 9, Goehring, M., Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1957, pp. 74).

Mixtures of diethyl ether and I2O7 can explosively decompose (Mishra, H.C. et al. 1962. Journal of the Chemical Society pp. 1195-1196).

CrO3 and ethers, including diethyl ether, methyldioxane, and dimethyldioxane, ignite on contact (Fawcett, H.H. 1959. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(4):90A; Mikhailov, V. 1960. Chemical Abstracts 54:23331f; Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 11, p. 235. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Diethyl ether also ignites on contact with chromyl chloride (Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 11, p. 396. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.), or with chlorine if light is present (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1298).

Diethyl ether forms an impact and friction-sensitive mixture with liquid air (Danckwort, P.W. 1927. Angew Chem. 40:1317) or silver perchlorate (Heim, F. 1957. Agnew Chem. 69:274).

Diethyl ether forms an explosive salt with uranyl nitrate (Muller, A. 1916. Chem. Ztg. 40:38; Muller, A. 1917. Chem. Ztg. 41:439), and forms explosive peroxides with H2O2 (Bruhl, J.W. 1895. Berichte. 28:2856-2857).

THF forms explosive products with KO2 (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 3227).

Tetrahydrofuran (reaction may be light-promoted) (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 114) and diethyl ether react violently with bromine (Urben 110); if the bromine is impure, diethyl ether may ignite (University Safety Association. 1989. Safety Digest 34:14).

Diethyl ether reacts vigorously with CrO3, Ca(OCl)2, or ClNO2 (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1614); and dioxane reacts violently with silver perchlorate (Lewis 1449).

Ethers may release toxic chlorine dioxide gas upon treatment with nitrosyl perchlorate (Predicted by comparison to similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Halogen Oxides (XO2)