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Devices containing lachrymator (tear producing) substances and mechanism for expelling the gas. Used in crowd control. Generally contain 2-chloroacetophenone (phenacyl chloride), a white crystalline solid with a floral odor. This compound is insoluble in water, but soluble in acetone, benzene and carbon disulfide. Melting point 133掳F (56掳C). Strong irritant to eyes and tissue as gas or liquid.

none

Most likely active chemical ingredient reacts slowly with water or moisture in air to form hydrogen chloride.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating. May cause burning of eyes and lachrymation (flow of tears). May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea. Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

TEAR GAS GRENADES most often contain 2-CHLOROACETOPHENONE as their active component. This compound reacts slowly with metals causing mild corrosion. Reacts slowly with water or moisture in air to form hydrogen chloride.

• Halogenated Organic Compounds
• Ketones

No information available.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

No information available.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

• TEAR GAS CANDLE
• TEAR GAS GRENADES